A research encyclopedia entry tracing how CCMD-3, ICD-10, ICD-11, national medical-technology rules, and hospital services overlap in mainland Chinese transgender care, with a diagnostic-migration ledger and four-clock model for distinguishing international classification, professional use, clinical interfaces, and regulation.

A historical study of clinical, media, administrative, and community vocabularies for transgender and gender-diverse lives in mainland China, using a vocabulary-stratigraphy model to explain how terms such as yixingzheng, bianxing ren, gender reassignment, transgender, and kuar coexist across institutions.