An archive-based chronology of Chinese online usage of weiniang (伪娘), nü zhuang dalao (女装大佬), and nanniang (男娘) since 2007, tracing shifts in character classification, creator self-description, audience labels, and platform discovery.
A case study of Nanliang and Xiao Nanliang across Bilibili, AcFun, TapTap, Chinese web fiction, and technical communities, tracing how homophony, nicknaming, series branding, creator self-description, audience labels, and platform discovery produced a new layer of Chinese community language.